Unit 27 notes

1) What do we mean by factual programmes?Programmes that sometimes aren't scripted, it can be objective (unbiased), a representation of the subject matter.

2) Give some examples of the different types of factual programmes on TV. 
David Attenborough programmes, Good Morning Britain, Louis Theroux documentary, Geordie Shore etc, one born every minute, 24 hours in a&e

3) What is a documentary?
A programme about real life, based on lots of research including statistics and surveys to give facts and figures. They can be on absolutely anything and more popular ones are usually based on ethical issues because they are more interesting.
They represent the world in a realistic style, can still be constructed,

4) What are the different types of documentaries? Give examples to demonstrate your points.

• Reflexive Documentaries are constructed and are debatable whether they are actually documentaries or not. Shows such as Big Brother and Geordie Shore. 
• Observational Documentaries, like wildlife ones where there is little interference they just film what the animals are doing. David Attenborough shows. 
• Performative Documentaries make you see things from someone elses perspective e.g showing what life is like for a particular ethnicity or gender etc in their society. An example would be In The Shadow Of The Sun. 
• Participatory Documentaries is where the film maker takes part in the documentary and becomes involved in the subject matter. An example would be Louis Theroux: Most Hated Family In America

5) Louis Theroux and Teen Mum High - What are the conventions of a documentary? 

• Interviews
• Introduction to the subject
• Conclusion about the subject at the end
• Statistics 
• Sometimes opinions from the film maker
• Film maker sometimes participates
• Voice over, usually the film maker 
• Travelling to places that are related to the documentary getting real footage
• Observing things that are happening
• Cut aways
• Text with peoples names on and age etc when they are being interviewed

6) Conventions of a news Bulletin

• Facts
• Interviews
• Key information 
• Short and snappy to keep it interesting 
• Title Sequence
• No opinions from the presenters on formal news
• Well spoken people who are easily understood by everyone
• Smart outfits, office wear / formal 
• Distinctive music so you can recognise it's the news. Dramatic music / formal to match with the formal presenters and stories
• Studio presenters/reporters and presenters/reporters on locations relating to stories. 

 Issues Facing Factual Programmes

Accuracy - Information correct, truthful, has to be accurate otherwise what's the point?

Bias - One sided opinion, Skewing the facts in favour of something is not on in a factual programme

Representation - The way the subject/topic/facts/people are shown to the audience, misrepresentation of these things is unfair and unbalanced

Positive Values Of Factual Programmes

• They can be educational
• You get a chance to see things you might not get the chance to normally see
• Keeps you in the know of current affairs and things going on in the world
• Entertaining 
• Informing the public of things we aren't aware of
• Creates empathy and urges an audience to help.
• To encourage social/political change, brings the issue to the public arena 

Benefits Street 

http://www.channel4.com/programmes/benefits-street

Participants claimed they had been duped into taking part under the pretence it was a series about community spirit

Accuracy - Participants are real so information is likely to be accurate

Bias - Biased approach to people on benefits, negative

Representation - People are represented negatively, could argue they have been misrepresented

ITV Fake footage

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/8792315/ITV-Gaddafi-documentary-claimed-videogame-was-terrorist-footage.html

What effect does 'fake footage' or lying to viewers have on the reputation of a programme/channel/ documentary filmmaker?

It can make people doubt itv in the future, people won't trust them. Making a 'mistake' like this could bring viewing numbers down, and not want to watch future documentaries that itv bring out. If they lied about the footage being real then what else have they lied about in the documentary or other documentaries? They could be lying about the fact that the footage was accidentally put in there when the programme was edited together.

Accuracy - Inaccurate footage, makes them seem untrustworthy and unprofessional

Bias - Their own opinion - miss selection of clips, wanted to show him negatively so they used whatever they had

Representation - The 1988 attack is being misrepresented leading up to debates/conflicts, offensive to soldiers/ service men and women

Frozen Planet - http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2073024/BBCs-little-white-lie-Polar-bear-cubs-filmed-Frozen-Planet-zoo-Arctic.html

Accuracy -  Inaccurate footage, makes you wonder about any other David Attenborough.

Representation -  Makes polar bears look more tame than they really are and not completely wild


http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2955872/Channel-4-s-UKIP-Days-hatchet-job-receives-700-complaints.html

Accuracy -

Bias - Viewers thought that the docu-drama was highly bias against the political party and only showed them in a negative light.

Representation - It was an inaccurate representation of britain after UKIP have come into power, accused of showing israel as a far right country by showing far right protesters with an israeli flag.

Layout of Assignment 

Two out comes - One is issues and two is conventions

1. Define accuracy, bias and representation (p1)
2. Examples of these issues in a programme : Benefits street, ITV slide, Frozen planet slide, Your own bias etc. slide - The programme showed issues of A, B, R (m1). The impact on the audience is ... (D1) 
3. List the conventions of a news programme (p2)
4. Give examples of these conventions in BBC, Newsround, Your Own (m2)
5. Why are these progs using / not using them (d2) 
6. Define the two modes of documentary and conventions (p2)
7. Example of conventions in the imposter / stacey dooley / your own (m2)
8. Why these conventions and modes are used (d2) 

DEADLINE 20TH OF APRIL

Unit 16 Editing Techniques

Continuity Edit / Invisible Editing = Cutting with a characters movement to give it a seamless feel.
Jump Cuts = abrupt transition from one scene to another
Cutting on Action = cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action.
Cross Cutting = often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations.
Matched Cut = a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which objects in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong coninuity of action
Montage = Putting clips together usually over music to show things that would be too long to fit in normally

Continuity Editing

Jump Cuts

Cutting on action

Cross Cutting

Matched Cut

Montage

1903 - Basic Cuts in Film

Discuss what editing process was and why it was basic
Editing was basic in these days because film had to be physically cut and pasted by cutting the film reel with something called a splicer and stringing together the different shots all on a Steenbeck. This was tedious and took quite a lot of time but they didn't yet have the technology to edit on computers on editing software. This meant that the shots were long and they only used jump cuts.

1920s - Silent Film

Needed to allow audiences to understand time and space because we can see things from a different perspective because the black and white stops us from knowing what time of day it is in the film so it's hard to know the difference in hours/days. The shots changing allow us to know when the time has change because the location has changed and the characters are in a different place.

1940s - Hollywood Studio System

Sound was introduced in the 1940s, which meant films with more complex stories could be made because people could talk and basically tell a story. This made cinema become a lot more popular because they now had sound and people wanted to see more and more of it. Film makers used desirable, good looking characters to hook people into watching their films because it made the audience feel like they were watching a kind of dream like life where they had the characters looks and life. Films were still in black and white though so the problem with showing time was still there, but filmmakers began to use music as a way of distinguishing time. The music would change when they wanted to indicate a different time of day.

1960s - American New Wave

The american new wave was a time period when new young film makers were making history with their films in america. Their editing was different to before using things like cross cutting and cutting on action. Cross cutting allows us to see more of the narrative at one time, usually to show us two things happening at once. Cutting on action was starting to be used to make films look seamless. This is when films became more realistic and made you feel like you were there. Montage's were also used a lot in the american new wave. They allowed us to see a lot more of a narrative in shorter amount of time but in an effective way to bring the narrative forward.

1980s - High Concept cinema

High concept cinema was the era of action films. Action-packed, loud, flashy, simplistic, and tightly-structured films defined 80s cinema. Films such as back to the future, the terminator and top gun were some of the most popular films in the 80s. These films were all futuristic and full of special effects. Cross cutting was used a lot in 80s action films along with tense music and more exciting loud music during action scenes being cross cut to make the film more exciting. 

1990s - Digitial editing software introduced

Indie films were at the centre of 90s cinema. This meant that these films were reasonably low budget and meant that more and more indie film makers were trying to get their films out there. This made film festivals become more popular and gave indie film makers a shot at stardom. The digital editing rised in the 90s which was why so many independent film makers became famous because editing was more accessible for anyone who wants to make a film.

00s - Today.

In cinema today pretty much any type of editing is used. A lot of special effects are used to create stunning cinematography. Today its all about high budget, big company films.

CGI today has brought forward the animated world. Animation has become more clear and life like. It is now less pixilated and makes animated films more real. CGI has also allowed us to see unrealistic situations in real life, in a realistic way. It can enter us into a world we could never see in real life with things such as Avatar where humans can visit an alien world and also become an avatar.

Vlog

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHjmwq6oLKY

show reel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72pUd8dSEzc&feature=youtu.be

Unit 23 Assignment 1

A multi camera set up is when a production is made with more than one camera in each of its scenes to get different angles and shots. 

A single camera production only uses one camera for the whole production and are usually used in  films or pre filmed tv programmes. 

These are examples of single camera productions only using one camera for all their scenes.

http://lisagg2.wordpress.com/2012/11/22/the-pros-and-cons-of-multi-cam/

http://www.quora.com/What-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-single-camera-versus-multiple-camera-filmmaking

http://www.tv.com/news/tvcom-throwdown-single-camera-comedies-vs-multi-camera-comedies-27285/

These links talk about the pros and cons of multi and single camera productions. 

• They all mention things like single camera productions take longer because you have to keep moving the camera to get different angles and shots whereas multi camera you can just get all the different angles at once.
• Single camera productions are cheaper because you don't need as many crew members or cameras which means less money spent on wages for the crew and on buying or hiring more than one camera. 
• Live events can only really be filmed with more than one camera because it has to be vision mixed live there for if you only use one camera to keep changing angles the live event won't run smoothly and you may miss things when taking the time out to move cameras and set them up again. 
• But with multi camera productions, you may not be able to get all the shots you want in one take because you might get another camera in the shot of another angle. 

The Big Bang theory uses a multi camera set up because it is a pre-recorded show that is filmed inform of an audience and edited live. In this clip we can see how it uses different angled shots in one scene using jump cuts to get the different characters points of views and so you can see everything that is happening in the scene. 

This clip is a Lose Women interview with Ariana Grande which uses a multi camera set up. We know this because one camera shows her walking onto the set and then cuts to her sat down at a different angle.They have used this set up so you can see everything that is happening at one time as much as possible. 

This clip shows Ed Sheeran performing at the Brit Awards which used a multi camera set up during it's show. They used this because it was a live show and needed multiple cameras to show everything as it was being edited live. Also, a multi camera set up has been used to show the whole venue of this show and the scale of it when somebody is performing etc. It shows the view from the back of the arena and the view from right at the front. 

This clip is Chatty Man where Alan is interviewing Jessie J. It is a programme that is rerecorded in front of an audience. It uses a multi camera set up because it allows us to see from the audiences point of view and then the point of view of the host and the guest. It also allows the show to be edited live and more efficiently. 

I think that the Brit Awards used a multi camera set up the best because they had more shot variation and made full use of having several cameras by getting everything in shot. Alan Carr's Chatty Man used a multi camera set up the least effectively because there was only really three different shot types that had only jump cuts to transition from shot to shot. These programmes used multi camera set ups so the production ran smoother and quicker because it could be edited live instead of filming at one angle with a single camera and then placing it somewhere else and filming from a different angle. The Brit Awards again used this the most effectively because it wasn't a prerecorded live show it was perfectly shot live on the night using a lot of different shots and angles. I think that the audience respond well to this because it makes them feel like they are there themselves because they can see everything that is happening. I don't think that these programmes could have been shot with only one camera because it would look static and make the shows less interesting. You wouldn't feel like you were there, it also makes it 2D and unprofessional. 

I CERTIFY THAT THIS IS MY OWN WORK 

Unit 8 Assignment 3

Understanding TV and film industries

• Film - is made up of development, production, distribution and exhibition e.g warner bros. 
• Interactive media - Internet, games, on demand, streaming service e.g now tv
• Advertising and marketing - is made up of print, television, cinema, internet and radio e.g grey london
• Press and publishing - Newspapers, magazines, journals and books e.g. Daily mail
• Computer games - computer games, online games, publishing, development and distribution and hardware manufactures e.g rockstar games
• Television - is made up of publicly funded channels, commercial channels and on demand channels e.g. fox
• Radio - is made up of, local, commercial, national, community radio, world service, publicly funded, privately funded stations e.g. punjabi radio
• Photography - is made up of fashion, documentary, news, weddings, paparazzi, celebrity. e.g. Piranha Photography

The BBC are a Public service broadcaster channel funded by a TV License and Channel 4,5 and ITV are commercial channels funded by adverts.

Understanding new technology

• We now have digital tv instead of terrestrial (http://www.tvchoicemagazine.co.uk/useful-tips/digital-switchover)
• We now can view film an tv in HD on most tv's and films (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_television)
• We now have 3d tv and 3d films (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television) 
• We now have on demand on almost all channels which means you can catch up on prgrammes you've missed on the internet or even on your sky box. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand) 
• Animation has become a better quality over time for example:
  
  

Living Room of the future

In the future we are going to have technology such as bending television screens, 4D television in our homes and more. 

LG bending TV and Transparent TV - These screens are about 18inches and one can be rolled up like a newspaper and the other is a television screen that you can look straight through. This article talks about the way that OLED screens are going to be the thing of the future. 

"LG Display pioneered the OLED TV market and is now leading the next-generation applied OLED technology"

This article says that the future of television is in the technology we use.

http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/tony-duarte/the-future-of-the-living-room_b_3508528.html

• Holographic TV - This will be what you are watching project around your living room in a 3D way like holograms. Microsoft are currently working on trying to make this happen and are calling it IllumiRoom.
• Interactive TV - This is using movement and voice controls to control your TV. Xbox One want to enhance their Kinnect sensor "which could unleash a wave of participatory fitness and leisure products and services that provide personalised coaching in the home. A 21st Century makeover."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePjpOYeFIHY&feature=youtu.be

This video is basically saying that British television in the future could be taken over by big US media conglomerates. 

What impact of US media companies have on the british television industries?

Channel four are saying that in the future the British TV industry are at risk of being taken over by media giants in the US such as apple and google. Also, people such as Rupert Murdoch who is a big US media conglomerate will start buying into the british television industries. I think that his could mean that Public services channels like the BBC could become more americanised and some of it's channels could be taken away. Also I think that if there are more channels you might have to start paying more TV license. Commercial channels could be affected because the more channels that come to british television, the money they receive from advertising could become smaller and not have as much money as other channels will need to be funded by adverts as well. British television could become more competitive as a result of this. 

• Sky - Cross Media - the combination of two or more companies of different types usually involving a parent company.
• BBC World Service - World Service - the international broadcaster is currently funded by grant-in-aid through Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the British Government.
• The rise of the internet - Globalisation - The process of international integration of world news, products, ideas and other aspects of culture
• Channel 4 - National - Network is obliged to broadcast programming of public importance, including  news, current affairs, children's religious programming as well as party election broadcasting on behalf of the major parties and political events.
• Harry Potter figurines - Franchise - Ownership of the characters and setting of a film, video game, book etc.
• BBC Radio Manchester - Local - Usually refers to local area.
• 4oD - On demand channels - A service provided by the channel so viewers can watch programmes from that channel online.
• Walt Disney - Media Conglomerates - When one company owns media services and products from different types of media.
• BBC1 - Public service broadcasting - owned, controlled or finically supported by the state.
• BBC - Public service broadcasting - funded through tax money i.e. the public pay through their tax
• ITV - Commercial Channels -  Funded by the revenue from broadcast advertisements 

TV& Film Research

TV

• What is your favourite TV programme? - Kid Criminals
• Which company makes it? - Production Company: Plum Pictures
• What is commercial TV? - Channels that are funded by broadcast advertisements, sponsorships and subscriptions
• What is publicly funded TV? - Channels that are funded through tax money i.e. TV license
• What is TV on demand? - A service provided by the channel so viewers can catch up on shows from that channel online
• How many people are employed in television in the UK? - 50,600 in 2012
• Give an example of an independent TV company? - Avalon Television
• Who regulates TV in the UK? - Ofcom

Film

• What was the last film you watched? - Forest Gump
• Which company made it? - Paramount Pictures
• Who owns that company? - Viacom
• Who are the big 6 film companies in the US? - Viacom, Walt Disney, Sony, Time Warner, 21st Century Fox, Comcast
• Top 10 films showing in the UK at the moment and their production companies? 

1. It Follows (Animal Kingdom, Northern Lights Films, Two Flints) 
2. Blackhat (Legendary Pictures, Forward Pass)
3. Selma (Cloud Eight Films, Harpo Films, Plan B Entertainment, Pathé)
4. Catch me daddy (Film 4, British Film Institute, Screen Yorkshire)
5. Focus (Zaftig Films, Di Novi Pictures, Kramer & Sigman Films, Overbrook Entertainment)
6. White God (Kornél Mundruczó)
7. 50 Shades of Grey (Focus Features, Michael De Luca Productions, Trigger Street Productions)
8. The Boy Next Door (Blumhouse Productions, Smart Entertainment, Nuyorican Productions)
9. Big Hero 6 (Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios)
10. Birdman (Regency Enterprises, New Regency Productions, M Productions, Le Grisbi Productions, TSG Entertainment, Worldview Entertainment)

• Biggest UK film companies? 
• How many people work in the film industry in the UK? 43,000
• Who regulates film in the UK? BBFC

Walt Disney 

• Famous films and box office results? 

Lion king made $952,880,140

Big Hero 6 made $572,176,784

Beauty and the Beast made $451,421,632

Aladdin made $504,050,219 

Finding Nemo made $906,465,562 

Frozen made $1,254,512,386 

The Little Mermaid made $222,300,000 

Tangled made $586,581,936 Toy Story made $364,530,148 

Spirited Away made $274,949,886 

• Are they a conglomerate? What do they own? 

Yes they are a conglomerate because they own companies such as marvel and pixar. They also have theme parks around the world and several other things like toy stores, that sell disney stuffed teddies, costumes, figurines etc. Which disney make profit from. 

• How much money are they worth? 

$74.9 billion 

• What new technological developments have they made? 

They have improved their animation as the picture quality is a lot better and more life like and more 3D looking.

Film Company: 20th Century Fox

 1.What are their famous films and successful box office results?

2. Are they owned by a conglomerate? What other companies do this conglomerate own? Prove with examples 

Yes they are owned by the conglomerate News Cooperation. They are a conglomerate because they own hundreds upon hundreds of newspapers, magazines, tv channels, film studios, sport teams, internet companies, and a music label and radio station. A few examples would be the film studio 20th century fox, British newspapers The Sun and The sun on sunday. 

3. List 6 films that the company has made in the last 5 years 

Taken 3 (2015), The Book of Life(2014), The Book Thief(2013), Life of Pi(2012), Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011), Vampires Suck (2010) 

4. How much money are they and their conglomerate worth? 20th Century Fox $5 billion & News Corp. $18.6 

5. What new technological developments have they made? "From thrilling animated features to visual effects that make our superheroes leap and fly of the screen, our mission is the same as it was over a century ago, give people the simple pleasure of being transported by a story on a screen." - 20th century fox

Film Company: Warner Bros

1. What are their famous films and successful box office results?

2. Are they owned by a conglomerate? What other companies do this conglomerate own? Prove with examples
Yes they are owned by Time Warner who own companies such as HBO, CNN, Cartoon Network and more. 3. List 6 films that the company has made in the last 5 years
Jupiter Ascending(2015), Interstellar(2014), We're The Millers(2013), Cloud Atlas(2012), Final Destination 5(2011), Inception(2010)

4. How much money are they and their conglomerate worth? 

$45.2 billion 5. What new technological developments have they made?
Film Company: Sony Pictures

1. What are their famous films and successful box office results?

2. Are they a conglomerate? What other companies do this conglomerate own? Prove with examples
Yes because they are owned by Sony. Sony also own companies such as their own brand of cameras, televisions, mobile phones etc.

3. List 6 films that the company has made in the last 5 years
Chappie (2015), 22 Jump Street(2014), Elysium(2013), Zero Dark Thirty(2012), The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo(2011), Salt(2010)

4. How much money are they and their conglomerate worth?
$200 million for sony pictures, Sony is worth $17.7 billion

5. What new technological developments have they made?

Film Company: Paramount Pictures

1. What are their famous films and successful box office results?

2. Are they owned by a conglomerate? What other companies do this conglomerate own? Prove with examples
Yes they are owned by Viacom who also own companies like MTV and Nickelodeon.

3. List 6 films that the company has made in the last 5 years
Project Almanac(2015), Selma(2014), The Wolf Of Wall Street(2013), The Devil Inside(2012), Hugo(2011), Shutter Island(2010)

4. How much money are they and their conglomerate worth?
$8.8 billion for paramount pictures, Viacom is worth $41.2 billion

5. What new technological developments have they made?

Television – BBC

1. Where is the BBC located? London but has local offices for radio stations etc around the country

2. What does BBC stand for? British Broadcasting Company

4. Who owns the BBC? John Rieth

5. How is the BBC funded? Through a TV license
6. List what type of programmes the BBC show. Eastenders, Great British Bake Off, Top Gear, Original Dramas and Documentary.
7. Is the BBC a media conglomerate? If yes explain, if no explain. No because they don't own other companies. Cebeebies land in Alton Towers is only part owned by the BBC. 
8. Is the company multinational, national or local? and give your reasons. The company is multinational because it has different radio stations and news programmes for different areas of the country. 

Read the article on the website below and answer the following questions:

​http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/value-for-money-in-public-services/future-of-the-bbc/

What is the ethos of the BBC? To inform, educate and entertain

What is the BBC for? Some say that the BBC could take advertisements and that these would not necessarily lead to the introduction of commercial breaks, the absence of which is a BBC attraction. However, this would put the corporation in direct competition with already hard pressed commercial broadcasters for a limited pot of funding. Direct subscription has attractions and would be more feasible when the television world is totally digital. One problem with this is that the ‘free at the point of delivery’ feature of public service broadcasting would go.

What is the future of the BBC? complete digital television switchover should have been in place for four years. People will be choosing between a wider variety of alternative channels and consuming television content in different ways, including video on demand.

Watch the You Tube video (http://youtu.be/D3X9rc0KXxU) on the BBC and answer the questions

What is the BBC for? 
To provide broadcasting for all types of people, religions, ethnicity's etc.

What does the video say that the BBC is doing incorrectly? 

They are using commercial production companies to produce some of its shows, its has too much light entertainment and struggles to target everyone. People don't like the fact they they are charging a TV license when they don't even watch the BBC and get prosecuted when they don't pay it.

What does the article say about the funding in the future for the BBC?

What, according to the article below, what is wrong with the BBC

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jan/14/itv-bbc-licence-fee-top-sliced



Research online and answer the question below
What do you think are the advantages of having a public service broadcaster?







Extended question – In your opinion:

Do you think we need the BBC?

Do you think we should continue to fund the BBC through the TV Licence.


In your opinion do you think we should have the BBC?

Vertical Integration and Horizontal Integration 

Vertical integration "Vertically integrated"

• Have to own two or three stages of production. You have to be able to make the film and then rather distribute it or exhibit it.

Horizontal integration "Horizontally Integrated" 

• When one company owns a range of different companies such as newspapers, books, publisher, online, or music companies. 

Script notes for film section of vlog
First - Introduce your film studio and what films they are famous for.
Then - What were their successful box office films
Then - Who are their competition
Then - How are they structured? Who is the conglomerate and how are they integrated.
Then - How successful is this conglomerate
Then - What are the debates (pros+cons) of a few media conglomerates owning the majority of media production.
Then - New subsection. What new technologies have improved our consumption of film and what is the future.

I CERTIFY THAT THIS IS MY OWN WORK 

Unit 32